--- title: Gas / Air Intrusion Accumulation | Fauske and Associates, LLC description: Fauske and Associates, LLC supports investigation of gas intrusion both through testing and the use of computational tools. --- [![Fauske-logo-white-black--website-header-req-quote-200](https://www.fauske.com/hubfs/Fauske-logo-white-black--website-header-req-quote-200.png "Fauske-logo-white-black--website-header-req-quote-200")](https://www.fauske.com/) - Combustible Dust - [Combustible Dust Testing](https://www.fauske.com/testing/combustible-dust-hazard-analysis) - [Safety Data Sheets](https://www.fauske.com/testing/safety-data-sheets) - Flammability - [Gas and Vapor](https://www.fauske.com/testing/flammability) - [UN-DOT](https://www.fauske.com/testing/un-dot-testing) - [Hydrogen](https://www.fauske.com/testing/hydrogen-testing) - [Safety Data Sheets](https://www.fauske.com/testing/safety-data-sheets) - Reactive Chemicals - [Thermal Stability](https://www.fauske.com/testing/thermal-stability) - [Adiabatic Calorimetry](https://www.fauske.com/testing/adiabatic-calorimetry) - [Reaction Calorimetry](https://www.fauske.com/testing/reaction-calorimetry) - [Battery Safety](https://www.fauske.com/testing/battery-safety) - [Safety Data Sheets](https://www.fauske.com/testing/safety-data-sheets) - Systems Engineering - [Cable Testing](https://www.fauske.com/testing/cable-testing) - [Equipment Qualification (EQ)](https://www.fauske.com/testing/equipment-qualification) - [Water Hammer](https://www.fauske.com/testing/water-hammer) - [Acoustic Vibration](https://www.fauske.com/testing/acoustic-vibration) - [Gas & Air Intrusion](https://www.fauske.com/testing/gas-and-air-intrusion) - ISO Accreditation and Scope - [ISO/IEC 17025:2017](https://www.fauske.com/hubfs/FauskeCertScope-V007.pdf) - [ISO 9001:2015](https://www.fauske.com/hubfs/ISO%209001%202015%20Cert%20of%20Approval%2012-1-2023%20-%2011-30-26.pdf) Combustible Dust Testing Laboratory testing to quantify dust explosion and reactivity hazards Safety Data Sheets Develop critical safety data for inclusion in SDS documents Gas and Vapor Laboratory testing to quantify explosion hazards for vapor and gas mixtures UN-DOT Classification of hazardous materials subject to shipping and storage regulations Hydrogen Testing and consulting on the explosion risks associated with devices and processes which use or produce hydrogen Safety Data Sheets Develop critical safety data for inclusion in SDS documents Thermal Stability Safe storage or processing requires an understanding of the possible hazards associated with sensitivity to variations in temperature Adiabatic Calorimetry Data demonstrate the consequences of process upsets, such as failed equipment or improper procedures, and guide mitigation strategies including Emergency Relief System (ERS) design Reaction Calorimetry Data yield heat and gas removal requirements to control the desired process chemistry Battery Safety Testing to support safe design of batteries and electrical power backup facilities particularly to satisfy UL9540a ed.4 Safety Data Sheets Develop critical safety data for inclusion in SDS documents Cable Testing Evaluate electrical cables to demonstrate reliability and identify defects or degradation Equipment Qualification (EQ) Testing and analysis to ensure that critical equipment will operate under adverse environmental conditions Water Hammer Analysis and testing to identify and prevent unwanted hydraulic pressure transients in process piping Acoustic Vibration Identify and eliminate potential sources of unwanted vibration in piping and structural systems Gas & Air Intrusion Analysis and testing to identify and prevent intrusion of gas or air in piping systems ISO/IEC 17025:2017 Fauske & Associates fulfills the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:2017 in the field of *Testing* ISO 9001:2015 Fauske & Associates fulfills the requirements of ISO 9001:2015 - Process Hazards Analysis - [Dust Hazards Analysis](https://www.fauske.com/testing/combustible-dust-hazard-analysis) - [On-Site Risk Management](https://www.fauske.com/consulting/on-site-risk-management) - Emergency Relief System Design - [DIERS Methodology](https://www.fauske.com/consulting/diers-methodology) - [Deflagrations (Dust/Vapor/Gas)](https://www.fauske.com/consulting/deflagrations) - [Effluent Handling](https://www.fauske.com/consulting/effluent-handling) - Facility Modeling - [FATE™ & Facility Modeling](https://www.fauske.com/consulting/fate-facility-modeling) - Systems Engineering - [Mechanical, Piping, and Electrical](https://www.fauske.com/consulting/mechanical-piping-electrical) - [Hydrogen Safety](https://www.fauske.com/consulting/hydrogen) - [Thermal Hydraulics](https://www.fauske.com/consulting/thermal-hydraulics) - [Nuclear Safety](https://www.fauske.com/consulting/nuclear-safety) - [Radioactive Waste](https://www.fauske.com/consulting/radioactive-waste) Dust Hazards Analysis Evaluate your process to identify combustible dust hazards and perform dust explosion testing On-Site Risk Management On-site safety studies can help identify explosibility and chemical reaction hazards so that appropriate testing, simulations, or calculations are identified to support safe scale up DIERS Methodology Design emergency pressure relief systems to mitigate the consequences of unwanted chemical reactivity and account for two-phase flow using the right tools and methods Deflagrations (Dust/Vapor/Gas) Properly size pressure relief vents to protect your processes from dust, vapor, and gas explosions Effluent Handling Pressure relief sizing is just the first step and it is critical to safely handle the effluent discharge from an overpressure event FATE™ & Facility Modeling FATE™ (Facility Flow, Aerosol, Thermal, and Explosion) is a flexible, fast-running code developed and maintained by Fauske and Associates under an ASME NQA-1 compliant QA program. Mechanical, Piping, and Electrical Engineering and testing to support safe plant operations and develop solutions to problems in heat transfer, fluid, flow, and electric power systems Hydrogen Safety Testing and consulting on the explosion risks associated with devices and processes which use or produce hydrogen Thermal Hydraulics Testing and analysis to ensure that critical equipment will operate under adverse environmental conditions Nuclear Safety Our Nuclear Services Group is recognized for comprehensive evaluations to help commercial nuclear power plants operate efficiently and stay compliant Radioactive Waste Safety analysis to underpin decomissioning process at facilities which have produced or used radioactive nuclear materials - Laboratory Instruments - [Adiabatic Safety Calorimeters (ARSST and VSP2)](https://www.fauske.com/adiabatic-safety-calorimeters) - [Other Lab Equipment and Parts for the DSC/ARC/ARSST/VSP2 Calorimeters](https://store.fauske.com/categories?_gl=1*15z0b9t*_ga*MjAzNzQ5NzcxOS4xNjU1MzM0MTMx*_ga_3M46CNWK3C*MTY4NTQ3Nzk5Ni43OC4xLjE2ODU0ODA4MzYuNTkuMC4w) - Software - [FERST](https://www.fauske.com/ferst-software) - [FATE](https://www.fauske.com/consulting/fate-facility-modeling) Adiabatic Safety Calorimeters (ARSST and VSP2) Low thermal inertial adiabatic calorimeters specially designed to provide directly scalable data that are critical to safe process design Other Lab Equipment and Parts for the DSC/ARC/ARSST/VSP2 Calorimeters Products and equipment for the process safety or process development laboratory FERST Software for emergency relief system design to ensure safe processing of reactive chemicals, including consideration of two-phase flow and runaway chemical reactions FATE Facility modeling software mechanistically tracks transport of heat, gasses, vapors, and aerosols for safety analysis of multi-room facilities - All Resources - [Blog](https://www.fauske.com/blog) - [Process Safety Newsletter](https://www.fauske.com/resources/tag/newsletter) - [Resources](https://www.fauske.com/resources) Blog Our highly experienced team keeps you up-to-date on the latest process safety developments. Process Safety Newsletter Stay informed with our quarterly Process Safety Newsletters sharing topical articles and practical advice. Resources With over 40 years of industry expertise, we have a wealth of process safety knowledge to share. # Gas / Air Intrusion Accumulation **Background![Gas Vortex](https://www.fauske.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Fauske-2017/Image/gas%20vortex.jpg?width=200&height=200&name=gas%20vortex.jpg "Gas Vortex")** Gas intrusion can be split into two categories: discharge and suction piping. As it relates to discharge piping, gas intrusion can potentially lead to a [waterhammer transient](https://www.fauske.com/nuclear/waterhammer-solutions-and-testing).  The suction side is much more challenging to define, since more uncertainty is associated with the computational tools currently available in the industry.  The uncertainty increases with the system’s complexity when such features as Tee junctions are considered.  Gas could be introduced into the piping through multiple methods, including entrainment of air due to formation of a vortex.  #### BENEFITS Fauske and Associates, LLC (FAI) supports investigation of all these phenomena both through testing (experimentation) and through the use of computational tools, including analytical solutions and extensive experience gained in this field through previous analyses.  This enables our customers to enhance the availability and reliability of operating plants while maintaining regulatory compliance, extending plant life and reducing operation and maintenance costs.  In fact, one of our customer collaborations received very positive feedback from the regulatory body (NRC) as detailed [here](http://pbadupws.nrc.gov/docs/ML1116/ML11161A111.pdf). #### EXPERTISE/ SOLUTIONS Our experts provide critical plant analyses using the most modern computer codes and analytical methods, thermal hydraulic calculations and probabilistic risk analysis as well as evaluations for fire protection, radiation protection and environmental issues via consulting services including:  - Core, RCS and containment [thermal hydraulic](https://www.fauske.com/nuclear/thermal-hydraulics) response - [Design of system components](https://www.fauske.com/nuclear/commercial-grade-dedication-reverse-engineering-and-obsolescence) - [Waterhammer](https://www.fauske.com/nuclear/waterhammer-solutions-and-testing) - [Vortexing - see our VEXTOR Vortex Suppressor](https://www.fauske.com/products) - Air intrusion - [PRA](https://www.fauske.com/nuclear/probabalistic-risk-assessment-pra) success criteria - [Design basis evaluations](https://www.fauske.com/nuclear/plant-analysis) - Valve sizing and system response - Full scope control room simulation - Engineering Operating Procedures (EOPs) - [Severe Accident Management Guidelines (SAMGs)](https://www.fauske.com/nuclear/severe-accident-management) - Resolution of severe accident issues such as steam explosion, Direct Containment Heating (DCH), possible high temperature challenges to steam generator tubes, etc. - Jet impengement - Mechanical damage due to postulated events - Accident management tools ![CTA_Strip_Bg-1.jpg](https://www.fauske.com/hs-fs/hubfs/Fauske-2017/Image/CTA_Strip_Bg-1.jpg?width=2000&name=CTA_Strip_Bg-1.jpg "CTA_Strip_Bg-1.jpg") ## Waterhammer Modeling in Thermo-Hydraulic Systems [![Read Now](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/232514/1b7112f8-fecf-4352-b744-46725eec74eb.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/232514/1b7112f8-fecf-4352-b744-46725eec74eb) ## Resources [Prediction of Control Valve Capacities under Flashing Flow Conditions](https://www.fauske.com/hubfs/Fauske-2017/PDF/PredictionofControlValveCapacitiesUnderFlashingFlowConditions_5.pdf) [Waterhammer, Column Separation, and Boiling Inside Cooling Water Systems](https://www.fauske.com/hubfs/Fauske-2017/PDF/WaterhammerColumnSeparationandBoilingInsideCoolingWaterSystems.pdf) ![Fauske-logo-blue-white-website-footer-260px](https://www.fauske.com/hubfs/Fauske-logo-blue-white-website-footer-260px.png "Fauske-logo-blue-white-website-footer-260px") Since 1980 Fauske & Associates (FAI) has been an innovative leader in process safety. FAI is recognized worldwide for technical excellence in accident simulation, hazards testing, and safety consulting to prevent or mitigate accidents at chemical and nuclear facilities. [**](https://twitter.com/Fauske_LLC) [**](https://www.linkedin.com/company/fauske-%26-associates-llc/) #### LINKS #### NEWSFEED #### CONTACT US COPYRIGHT 2026 FAUSKE & ASSOCIATES (FAI)